Which component is responsible for initial hardware checks during booting?

The component responsible for initial hardware checks during booting is the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). When the computer is powered on, the BIOS firmware is the first software that runs. Its primary function is to conduct a Power-On Self Test (POST), which checks the hardware components, such as the RAM, CPU, and storage devices, to ensure they are functioning properly before the operating system loads.

The BIOS also initializes hardware interfaces, allowing the system to communicate with peripherals. If any hardware issue is detected during this process, the BIOS will signal an error, preventing the operating system from loading until the problem is resolved. This vital role makes the BIOS integral to the booting process of any computer system.

Other components mentioned play different roles; for instance, the power supply unit provides electricity to the system, the motherboard serves as the main circuit board connecting all components, and the operating system is loaded after the BIOS has completed its checks.