What is the function of a network interface card (NIC)?

A network interface card (NIC) is an essential component in a computer system that enables the device to connect to a network. Its primary function is to facilitate communication between the computer and the network, whether it's a local area network (LAN) or the internet. The NIC converts data from the computer into packets suitable for transmission over the network and handles incoming data packets, converting them back into a form that the computer can use.

This device is crucial for enabling network connections, allowing users to access resources, share files, and communicate efficiently over the network. The correct choice distinctly identifies this fundamental role of the NIC, emphasizing its importance in establishing and maintaining network connectivity.

Other options describe functions performed by different components of a computer system. Processing data within applications relates to the central processing unit (CPU), storing data permanently pertains to storage devices like hard drives or solid-state drives, and managing system resources is associated with the operating system. Thus, these functions are not relevant to what a NIC specifically does.