What is a hardware component used to connect to a computer network called?

The correct answer is a Network Interface Card (NIC), which is a crucial hardware component for connecting to a computer network. A NIC allows computers to communicate over a network by providing the necessary interface between the computer's internal system and the external network. It can be used for both wired (through Ethernet cables) and wireless network connections, facilitating data transfer and communication with other devices on the network.

In the context of networking, the NIC is essential because it possesses a unique hardware address, known as the MAC address, which helps in identifying the device on the network. This identification is fundamental in managing data packets and ensuring they reach the correct destination.

While modems, routers, and switches are also important networking devices, they serve different roles. A modem connects a network to the internet, allowing for data transmission between the provider and the home or office network. A router manages traffic between networks, forwarding data packets between different devices and networks. A switch, on the other hand, connects multiple devices within the same local area network (LAN) and directs data to the appropriate device within that network.

Therefore, the primary component specifically designed for connecting a single computer to a network is indeed the Network Interface Card.